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Pharma Research Bulletin (Pharm. Res. Bull.) is a biannually published online journal that features a wide range of innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications, and case studies in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. The journal covers diverse disciplines, including but not limited to Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry, Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics, Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology with pharmaceutical relevance. All submitted manuscripts are subjected to double-blind peer review. All high-quality submissions (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be promptly published.
Submission of Manuscripts
Authors are encouraged to submit their manuscripts electronically for evaluation by logging into pharmresbull.com or by emailing them to editor@pharmresbull.com along with a cover letter from the corresponding or first author. Upon submission, each manuscript will be assigned a unique manuscript ID, and all subsequent correspondence will be conducted via email. Kindly include the manuscript ID in all future inquiries to ensure efficient communication.
Manuscript Preparation
Manuscripts should be written in English and prepared in accordance with the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals established by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). The preferred format of all manuscripts is MS Word. Tables and figures, along with captions and legends, must be inserted in the manuscript where they should appear when published. Authors are advised to thoroughly check their manuscripts for grammatical accuracy and plagiarism before submission. All pages must be numbered sequentially, facilitating the reviewing and editing of the manuscript.
Manuscripts must be typed in Times New Roman, font size 12, 1.5-spaced, with margins of at least one inch on all sides. All section titles, including subtitles within each section, should be bold and have a font size of 12. Pages should be numbered consecutively, beginning with the title page. It is advisable that authors prepare their manuscripts using the template available on the Web, which will assist in the preparation of the manuscript according to the journal’s format.
Manuscript Sections
The manuscript submitted for research and review articles should be organized in the following order:
- Title page
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Graphical abstract
- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Results and Discussions
- Conclusion
- List of Abbreviations (if any)
- Acknowledgments (if any)
- Conflict of Interest
- Funding (if any)
- References.
Title Page
The title page should include the paper title, the author(s) full name and affiliation, the corresponding author(s) name and complete affiliation/address, along with phone number and email.
The title of the manuscript should be concise and informative, in boldface, title case (font size 14). Authors should avoid the use of non-standard abbreviations and question marks in titles. The first letter of each word should be in capital letters except for articles, conjunctions, and prepositions.
The names of the authors in boldface, title case (font size 12), followed by the affiliations of all the authors in normal face, lower case (font size 12). If the publication originates from several institutes, the affiliation of each author should be clearly stated by using superscript Arabic numbers after the name and before the institute. The names of the authors should appear as initials followed by surnames. The author to whom all correspondence should be addressed should be denoted by an asterisk mark. There should be only one corresponding author for each manuscript who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, as well as post-publication.
Abstract
The abstract should be clear and concise to convey the manuscript in advance along with the significance of the work to a broad audience. Above all, the abstract ought to contain a quick background of the question(s), an outline of the results while not in-depth experimental detail, and an outline of the importance of their findings. Use of abbreviations should be avoided and the references should not be cited in the abstract. It should not be more than 250 words.
Keywords
Provide five to seven appropriate keywords that reflect the content of the study. Choose important and relevant keywords that researchers in your field will be searching for so that your paper will appear in a database search. The keywords should be contained in the title and they should appear several times in the article
Graphical abstract
The Graphical abstract should be summarizing the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership online. This must be submitted separately as an electronic file (preferred file types are PDF, TIFF, Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, CDX etc.). A graphical abstract, not exceeding 30 words along with the illustration, helps to summarize the contents of the manuscript in a concise pictorial form. It is meant as an aid for the rapid viewing of the journals’ contents and to help capture the readers’ attention. The graphical abstract may feature a key structure, reaction, equation, etc. that the manuscript elucidates upon. It will be listed along with the manuscript title, author’s names and affiliations on the contents page, typeset within an area of 5 cm by 17 cm, but it will not appear in the article PDF file or print.
Section Headings
Section headings should be numbered sequentially, left aligned and have the first letter capitalized, starting with the introduction. Sub-section headings, however, should be in lowercase and italicized with their initials capitalized. They should be numbered as 1.1, 1.2, etc.
Introduction
The introduction should provide a transparent statement of the study, the relevant literature on the study subject, along the planned approach or resolution. This should be general enough to draw a reader’s attention from a broad array of scientific disciplines.
Materials and Methods
It shall be started as a continuation of the introduction on the same page. The materials section should include detailed descriptions of all types of materials used. The methods part should contain sufficient detail so that all procedures can be replicable by other researchers. The authors may divide this into subsections if several methods are described. The methodology should be precise but with sufficient detail to guide scientific replicability. The statistical method and the level of significance chosen shall be clearly stated. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference.
Tables
Tables capture information concisely and display it efficiently; they also provide information at any desired level of detail and precision. Including data in tables rather than text frequently makes it possible to reduce the length of the text. Provide each table with single spacing in the text at a suitable place. Tables should always be cited in the text in consecutive numerical order. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes on tables below the table and give proper headings on the table. Identify statistical measures of variations, such as standard deviation and standard error of the mean. All units should be mentioned as per the requirement. If you use data from another published or unpublished source, obtain permission and acknowledge that source fully.
Figure
Figures should be provided in the text at a suitable place. Figures should be numbered consecutively according to the order in which they have been cited in the text. Each figure must be accompanied by a legend explaining in detail the contents of the figure and is to be typed under the figures. Graphs and bar graphs should preferably be prepared using Microsoft Excel and submitted as Excel graphs pasted in Word. Alternatively, photographs can be submitted as JPEG images. If a figure has been published previously, acknowledge the source and submit written permission from the copyright holder to reproduce it. Permission is required irrespective of authorship or publisher except for documents in the public domain.
Abbreviations and Units of Measurement
Use only standard abbreviations; the use of nonstandard abbreviations can be confusing to readers. Measurements of length, height, weight, and volume should be reported in metric units (meter, kilogram, or litre) or their decimal multiples. Temperatures should be in degrees Celsius. Blood pressure should be in millimetres of mercury.
Results and Discussion
The results section should describe the outcomes and findings of an article (research, case study, review, etc.). It should be clear, comprehensible, and concise (using figures & tables). The layout of the result section should be in the same order in which the introduction is followed by the material and methods section. The discussion should state the scope of the results, which need to be further explored. Extra or supplementary material should be expressed as figures, tables, etc. The explanation should be stepwise and logical.
Conclusions
Emphasize the new and important aspects of the study and the conclusions that follow from them. This section should not merely duplicate the abstract. Concisely summarizes the principal conclusions of the work and explores the wider implications. In particular, avoid making statements on economic benefits and costs unless the manuscript includes the appropriate economic data and analyses.
Acknowledgements
Here authors can include sources of funding, grants, details about anyone who contributed substantially towards the study etc. The corresponding author should also ensure that all those who have contributed to the research are acknowledged appropriately either as a co-author. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., research assistance, providing language help, writing an article, etc.).
Research Ethics and Policies
Research Involving Animals
Authors publishing results from in-vivo experiments involving animals should state whether due permission for the conduction of these experiments was obtained from the relevant ethics committees in the Materials and Methods section. Authors should clearly state the name of the approval committee, highlighting that legal and ethical approvals were obtained before initiation of the research work carried out on animals and that the experiments were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
Studies involving animals must comply with internationally accepted standards and adhere to the 3Rs principles (Replace, Reduce, Refine).
Replace: Whenever possible, replace animals with alternatives.
Reduce: Reducing the number of animals used and
Refine: Refining experimental settings can reduce animal damage.
Research Involving Plants
All experimental research on plants (either cultivated or wild) should comply with international guidelines. The author representing work on the plants should present the details of plant authentication in the Materials and Methods section.
Research Involving Humans
In addition, authors wishing to publish research work involving human studies should also send a notary-verified letter of approval from the Ethics Committee or the Institutional Review Board. All clinical investigations should be conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki principles.
Hazard Study
Any unusual risks associated with the use of any chemicals, procedures, or equipment used in the work must be explicitly stated by the author in the manuscript, preferably in both the materials and methods section and the declaration section.
To prevent the information on potential conflicts of interest from being overlooked or misplaced, it needs to be part of the manuscript. Thus, all authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest, including any financial, personal, or other relationships with other people or organizations for the study. The publication of a conflict statement in the article itself, as well as the submission of the conflict disclosure form, is required for all types of papers. It is not necessarily the case that a monetary relationship with examination support or funding for counseling work is inappropriate. Even if the authors do not have any conflict of interest, they still need to provide a confirmation statement in their manuscripts, i.e., “The author(s) confirm(s) that there is no conflict of interest related to the manuscript.”
Only published or accepted manuscripts should be included in the reference list. Meeting abstracts, conference talks, or papers that have been submitted but not yet accepted should not be cited. References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. References cited only in tables or figure legends should be numbered following the sequence established by the first identification in the text of the particular table or figure. Text: Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets [Reference no] in line with the text. Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). All the references must be in the following order:
Reference Style and Format
The references should be relevant to the study and should refer to the original research sources. Self-citation and self-interest should be avoided by the authors, editors, and peer reviewers. References should be submitted preferably in the Vancouver style. All references must be complete and accurate. The reference numbers must be finalized, and the bibliography must be fully formatted before submission.
Vancouver Style
In Vancouver style, all references should be numbered sequentially [in square brackets] in the text and listed in the same numerical order in the reference section. Punctuation should be properly applied as mentioned in the examples given above.
Different reference formats have different rules for citation. See below for some common format examples.
Articles in Journals
[1] Author (1), author (2), author (3). Title. Name of journal (In short, as mentioned on PUBMED), Year;Volume(Issue):Page no from-to.
For example
[1] Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med., 2002;347(4):284-287.
Books and Other Monographs
Personal author(s)
[1] Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobayashi GS, Pfaller MA. Medical Microbiology. CBS Publishers & Distributors, 4th ed., New Delhi; 2002.
Editor(s), compiler(s) as author
[1] Gilstrap LC 3rd, Cunningham FG, VanDorsten JP, editors. Operative obstetrics. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002.
Author(s) and editor(s)
[1] Breedlove GK, Schorfheide AM. Adolescent pregnancy. 2nd ed. Wieczorek RR, editor. White Plains (NY): March of Dimes Education Services; 2001.
Chapter in a book
[1] Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The genetic basis of human cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113.
Patent
[1] Pagedas AC, inventor; Ancel Surgical R&D Inc., assignee. Flexible endoscopic grasping and cutting device and positioning tool assembly. United States patent US 20020103498. 2002 Aug 1.
URL (WebPage)
[1] Aylin P, Bottle A, Jarman B, Elliott, P. Paediatric cardiac surgical mortality in England after Bristol: descriptive analysis of hospital episode statistics 1991-2002. BMJ [serial on the Internet]. 2004 Oct 9; [cited: 15 October 2004]; 329: [about 10 screens]. Available from: sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html
Electronic Material (Journal Article in Electronic Format)
[1] Frangioni G, Bianchi S, Fuzzi G, Borgioli G. Dynamics of hepatic melanogenesis in newts in the recovery phase from hypoxia. Open Zoo J 2009; 2: 1-7. Available from: https://benthamopen.com/ABSTRACT/TOZJ-2-1 [cited: 26th Jan 2009]
Some important points to remember
The date of access should be provided for online citations.
Avoid using superscript in the in-text citations and reference section.
Abstracts, unpublished data, and personal communications (which can only be included if prior permission has been obtained) should not be given in the references section. The details may, however, appear in the footnotes.
The authors are encouraged to use a recent version of EndNote (version 5 and above) or Reference Manager (version 10) when formatting their reference list, as this allows references to be automatically extracted.
Copyright
After acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a ‘Journal Publishing Agreement form. That the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or thesis) and that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
All accepted manuscripts must be accompanied by a signed copyright form to progress through to the final stages of production.
Galley Proofs
The electronic proofs will be sent (as an e-mail attachment) to the corresponding author as a PDF file. Page proofs are considered to be the final version of the manuscript. If the corresponding author is not satisfied or finds a mistake, they can send the manuscript back to the journal for necessary correction. The authors will have free electronic access to the full text (in both HTML and PDF) of the article. Authors can freely download the PDF file from which they can print unlimited copies of their articles.
Article Processing Charges
The journal does not impose any fees at the time of manuscript submission. However, to offset publishing expenses and address other financial constraints, authors are required to pay article processing charges (APC) once their manuscript successfully passes the peer review process or is accepted for publication. The article processing charge (APC) is set at INR 3000 per article for authors from India and USD 500 per article for international authors, effective from January 1, 2025. We appreciate your support and cooperation in facilitating the journal’s continued publication and growth.
Publication Process and Timetable
Once the editorial office receives your manuscript, you will receive an acknowledgement email containing a unique reference number (manuscript ID), which should be used in all future communications.
All newly submitted papers are initially reviewed by the Managing Editor of the journal. If the manuscript is rejected at this stage, the author will be notified by email within 48 hours. Manuscripts may be rejected at this stage for the following reasons:
- The manuscript does not fall within the journal’s scope.
- The submission is incomplete.
- The findings are not sufficiently described.
- The content is found to be plagiarized.
Manuscripts that pass the initial screening proceed to a double-blind peer review. Authors typically receive an initial decision within 30-40 days.
If revisions are required, the editor’s and reviewers’ comments will be sent to the author along with the original manuscript. The revised version, along with a rebuttal, must be submitted within the timeframe specified by the managing editor. Authors may request an extension by contacting the editorial office.
The final decision on the manuscript rests with the managing editor or editor-in-chief. In cases of disagreement between reviewers or between reviewers and authors, the managing editor will make a decision based on the available reports. In complex cases or those involving potential ethical concerns, the matter is escalated to the Editor-in-Chief.
Upon acceptance, the author must submit the final version of the manuscript. This version will be placed in the “in-press” queue with the publisher. Before publication, authors will receive galley proofs for review. No further edits will be allowed after the galley proofs are approved.
The journal publishes articles on its website immediately upon acceptance and follows a ‘continuous publication’ schedule. All online versions are citable using a Digital Object Identifier (DOI). The editorial office will ensure that published articles are submitted to various indexing platforms.